Donatella Versace

Why is a smaller Bi-Zygomatic to Mid-Face-Height Ratio attractive?

A smaller Bi-Zygoma to Midface height ratio is easy to understand as a longer midface height compared to Bi-Zygoma. A longer midface indicates proper facial growth until middle adulthood (Carolyn R et al, Department of Anthropology, Boston University, USA). In attractive faces, it is somewhat common to have a longer midface (S.C.Rhee, Teuim Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic, South Korea).

Why a larger lower lip is more attractive than a smaller one?

Larger and fuller lower lips are considered more attractive among females, as they signify youth, femininity, and reproductive health. A recent medical publication highlighted that fuller lips in relation to facial width, along with greater vermilion height, contribute to beauty. This finding is supported by another study that explains that a more prominent lower lip has a significant impact on facial attractiveness, as it influences the perception of chin prominence. Similarly, a study stated that women with large lips and average length and width ratios are more attractive than those with narrow lips. Moreover, some researchers noted that aging reduces collagen synthesis and tissue layers, causing lips to appear deflated, thus associating full lips with youth. Additionally, a research study found that the most appealing lip dimensions for women had a surface area 53.5% larger than their natural size and an upper lip to lower lip ratio of 1:2, with a 2:1 ratio being deemed the least attractive.

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Why a larger upper height is more attractive than a smaller one?

Fuller lips are considered attractive in women, playing a vital role in facial symmetry and aesthetics. A study found that a larger upper lip height relative to the lower lip’s height (with a 1:1.6 ratio) is particularly appealing, especially among young Caucasians. Full lips are associated with youth, femininity, and strong mating potential. Another study from the University of Michigan’s School of Dentistry discovered that the thickness of the upper lip is an essential factor in creating a pleasant smile. Additionally, the thickness of the upper lip is significantly related to the position of the maxillary central incisor. Some suggested that as people age, collagen production declines leading to thinner and flatter lips. These findings suggest that a more prominent upper lip height contributes to overall facial attractiveness and appeal.

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Why a high set eyebrow is more attractive than a low set?

A high eyebrow type is considered more attractive than a low eyebrow type among females. In a study, subjects from various age groups ranked high eyebrows as the most attractive, with low eyebrows receiving the least preference. According to a study, highly set eyebrows are associated with female features.

Two studies confirm that high - set eyebrows are a sexually dimorphic feature. Some found interbrow height to be significantly greater in females than males.Likewise, a study discovered eyebrow height to be significantly larger in women compared to men.

Furthermore, a research study explains that the attractiveness of eye - to - eyebrow distance is influenced by overall face shape.Shorter, rounder faces are considered most attractive with high-set, curved eyebrows, while square or longer faces are perceived as more attractive with lower - set, flatter eyebrows. This relationship suggests that ideal eyebrow placement varies with individual facial aesthetics.

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Why larger eyes are considered more attractive?

Sexual selection and male mate choice favours females with dimorphic sexual ornaments; features such as “neotentic faces, high-pitched voices, and fatty breasts and hips attract male investment” (Puts, 2010). Neotenic features (or a baby-like facial resemblance) such as big eyes, small round faces and high voices are thought to attract male care and affection by exploiting the primal male impulse to protect infants. This concept is further bolstered by many scientific studies. Men, simply, prefer women with big eyes. Out of the many studies of facial aesthetics and mate choice preferences, a woman’s eye size (and nose size) are often found to be the biggest influences for her overall facial attractiveness (Przlipiak et al, 2018). When the eye is lengthened horizontally, it creates the perception that the eye is bigger (Zhao et al, 2019).

The Medical University of Białystok conducted an experiment, digitally increasing the eye size of female participants to increase their attractiveness(Przlipiak et al, 2018).These researchers further cemented this finding, by also showing that reducing the eye size also decreases attractiveness.There is a general consensus across scientific literature that “wider eyes make females more attractive” (Baudouin and Tiberghien, 2004; Przlipiak et al, 2018) and that overall “larger eyes[are found to be] more attractive” (Geldart et al, 1999; Baudouin & Tiberghein, 2004; Matsushita et al, 2015).

In a conference paper presented by Mitsuhiro & Kitaoka, (2016) eye roundness(calculated as eye height / eye width) and the proportion of the eye covered by the iris compared to the whole eye both increased the perceived likeability, attractiveness and beauty of females. Interestingly, larger eye size not only increases the attractiveness of women but also supplements her perceived social characteristics: such as making a woman appear more honest(Atoum and Al - Simadi 2000), competent and warm(Goncalves et al, 2015).Together, by increasing both the impression of positive social characteristics, and overall female beauty; longer eye length has a strong and well-demonstrated effect on female attractiveness.

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